?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? - ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????.
?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????.
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? (ASTM) ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????.
?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????
??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? "?????"? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????.
????? ?????? (?????? ???????)

????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? - ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? - ?? ?????? ?????? (?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????). ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????.
????? (?????? ???????)

????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??. ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????? ????? ?????: ?????????? ????????
????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????.
????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
| ???? | ??? ???? | ????? |
| ???? | ???? ????? ????????? | ??????? ????????/????? ??????? |
| ??? | ???? ???? ?????? | ????? ?????? |
| ???? ??????????? | ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? | ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? |
| ????? ????? | ??? (????? ??? ??????) | ????? |
| ????? | ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? | ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? |
| ?????? | ????? (????? ??????? ????? ??? ????) | ????? (??? ??????) |
???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ASTM
?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ASTM C33. ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ??? 57 ???? 67 ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????.
1. ????? ??????: ???????? ???????
- #1 ????? (2-4 ?????): ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????.
- #3 ????? (1/2 - 2 ????): ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????.
2. ????? ???????: "????? ???????????"
- ??? #57 (3/4 ????): ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. ??????? "????? ??????"? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????.
??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????.

3. ???????? ?????????: ????? "?????"
- #411 ??? / ????? ??????? / ????? ??????: ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? #57 ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.
??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????. ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????.

4. ????? ???????: ??????? ??????
- #8 ??? (1/8 - 3/8 ????): ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????.
- #10 ????? / ???? ?????: ????? ???? ????? ?????.
| ???? | ??? ???????? | ??????????? ??????? |
| #1 | 2-4 ???? (50-75 ???) | ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? |
| #3 | ?–2 ???? (12–50 ???) | ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? |
| #5 | 1 ???? ?? ???? (12-25 ???) | ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? |
| #8 | 3/8 ???? (5–9.5 ???) | ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? |
| #10 | ???? ????? / ??????? (<5 ??) | ????? ???? ??? ???????? "???? ???" ??????? ???????? |
| #57 | ? ???? (9.5–25 ???) | ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? |
| #67 | ? ????? ???? ?? #57 (<19 ??) | ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? |
| #411 | ???? ?? #57 + #10 | ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? |
???? ????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ??????? (????????)
??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????.
1. ??? ????????
???? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? 3/8 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.
2. ??? ?????
????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ? ?? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.
3. ??? ?????
??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

4. ??? ??????/?????
??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????.
5. ????? ????????
???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????.
?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????
- ???? ???? ?????: ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ?. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????/??????.
- ???? ??? ?????: ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????! ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????.
- ????? ???????: ?????? ????? ??? ?? (???????). ??? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????.
- ????? ?????? ?? ?????: ?????? ????? ??????? + ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.
- ????? ???????: ?????? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????.
???? ??????? ???????? ??????????
?? ?????? ?????: ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? 57 ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????
????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.
???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????. ????? ???? 杏吧论坛 ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????.
??? ???? ????? "????????? ????? ??????"?
1. ????? ??????
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? (??? ??? ??? 57 ???? ??? 67) ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ASTM ???????.

2. ????? ??????
??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 10 ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 57 ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????.

3. ?????? ????????
???? ????? ????? ?????? . ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????.
????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 杏吧论坛 ????? ????????. ????? ????




