?? ?? ??????
????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (GGBFs)? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? (??? ?????)? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????.
??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????.
?????
??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? (GGBFs).
????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 1 ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? 1 ??? 1.2 ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? 0.25 ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.
??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????.
????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????.
????? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ???????
- ????? ???????: ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????.
- ??? ????? ?????: ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.
- ????? ?????: ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????.
??????? ?????
???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ("B" ???????)? B%=(CaO%+MgO%)/(SiO%+Al 2 O 3 %) ).
???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????:
- ????? ??????: ?> 1.
- ????? ???????: B=1.
- ????? ??????: ?<1.
??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????.
????? ?????
????? ?????
???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? SiO 2 ? Al 2 O 3 ? CaO? MgO? MnO? FeO? S? ???. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? TiO 2 ? V 2 O 5 ? Na 2 O? BaO? P 2 O 5 , Cr 2 O 3 , ???. ???? ???? CaO ?SiO 2 ?Al 2 O 3 ???? ?? 90% ?? ?????? ?????.
| ????? ????? | ????? ??????? | ??? ?????? ????????? | ??? ?????????? | |
| ??????? ????????? ? | ???? | 31-50 | 28-47 | 20-30 |
| ??? 2 | 31-44 | 22-35 | 19-32 | |
| ?? 2 ?? 3 | 6-18 | 7-22 | 13-17 | |
| ????? ????? | 1-16 | 1-9 | 7-9 | |
| ??? | 0.05-2.6 | 3-24 | 0.3-1.2 | |
| ?????? O | 0.2-1.5 | 1.2-1.7 | 1.2-1.9 | |
| ? | 0.2-2 | 0.17-2 | 0.2-0.9 | |
| ??? 2 | - | - | 6-31 | |
| ?????? 2 ?? 5 | - | - | 0.06-1 | |
??????? ?????? ?????
??????? ?????
????? ????? ??????? ?????
1. ????? ???????? ?????
????? ????? ??? ?????????? (PSC) ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?3% ??? 5% ?? ?????.
??? ??? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? 20% ??? 85% ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.
????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? PSC ????? ???????? ???????:
????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????.
??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????.
??????? PSC ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.
??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
2. ????? ??? ?????
????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? PSC ?? ????? ????? ?????.
?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? 80? ?? ?????? ????????.
????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????.
3. ??????? ????? ?????
????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????.
??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? 10? ??? 30?. ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????.
???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????
????? ????? ????? ?????
??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? 8 ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? 80 ???? ????? ??? 100 ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? 12 ????.
????? ????? ??????? ?? 87% ??? 92% ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?5% ??? 8% ?? ???????? ?3% ??? 5% ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? 10 ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????.
???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 40% ?? ????? ????? ?60% ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? 6 ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 1.0 ???? ?????? ??? 1.1 ???? ??????.
????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????:
????? ?????
1 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.
?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????.
2 ????? ????? ????? ???????
??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????.
3 ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.
???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????.
4 ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????.
???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????.
??? ????????
1. ???????? ????? ?????? ????????
??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? (????? ???????? ?????? ??????) ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.
| ??? | ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? | |||
| ?15 | ?20 | ?30 | ?40 | |
| ???? | — | — | ?? ???? ?? 15 | ?? ???? ?? 20 |
| ??? | 5-10 | 5-10 | ?? ???? ?? 15 | ?? ???? ?? 5 |
| ??? | 1-3 | 1-3 | 1-3 | 0.3 |
| ??? | 17-20 | 16-18 | 15-17 | 15-17 |
| ???? ????? ??? ??????? | 0.5-0.6 | 0.45-0.55 | 0.35-0.45 | 0.35-0.4 |
| ?????: ????? | 1:1-1:1.2 | 1:0.75-1:1 | 1:0.75-1:1 | 1:0.5-1:1 |
2. ???????? ?????? ??????
???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? 1% ?? 2% ?? ?????? ??? ?????.
???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? 20?.
????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????:
- ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????.
- ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.
- ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????.
- ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????????.
- ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????.
- ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????.
????? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????.
????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????.
??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.
??? ?????
????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????.
??????? ????????? ????? ?????
| ???? | ??? 2 | ?? 2 0 3 | ???? | ????? ????? | ? |
| ?????/? | 32-42 | 8-13 | 32-43 | 5-10 | 0.1-0.2 |
??????? ?????????? ????? ?????
| ???????? ???????? /W·m -1 ·办 -1 | ???? ????? ??????? / ℃ | ???????/??·?? -3 | ????? ???????/???????? | ???? ???? ??????? ??????/???? ????? |
| 0.033-0.041 | 780-820 | 0.13-0.15 | 4-6 | -200-800 |
???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????: ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????.
????? ????? ???????: ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????.
?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? 80? ??? 90?. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????.
????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????
???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????.
???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (?????? ??????? ????????)? ?????? ?????? ????? (?????? ??????? ??????? ???????)? ??????? ?????? ?????? (????? ????????).
?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????.
??? ?????? ??????????
????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????.
????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? 62%-78% ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?22%-38% ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????.
????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????:
| ??????? ?????????? | ??? 2 | ?? 2 0 3 | ???? | ????? ????? | ?? 2 0 | ???? ?????? |
| ???? | 40%-70% | 5%-15% | 15%-35% | 2%-12% | 2%-12% | 5%-10% |
????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????. ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??????.
??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????.
????? ????? ????????? ???????
??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????
???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????????.
????? ????? ??????? ?????
?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????.
?????
??? Slag ?????? ?? ????????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????.
