?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????
- ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????
- ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? 100 ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????
- ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????
??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? 100 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????!
?? ????? ????: ?????? ????????? ???????
1. ????? ???? ????? – ????? ??? ??? ??
???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? 1.9 ??? 76.0 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????.
????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????:
- ????? (????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???.)
- ?????? ?????? / ?????? ??????
- ???? ??????? ?????? ???????
- ????? ?????? ?? ??????? (???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???.)
2. ????? ??????? – ??? 85% ?????
?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????.
???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? 60–85% ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 1–10%? ??? ???? ??????? ??????.
????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????:
- ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????
- ?????? ?????
- ?????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 85% ?????? ????? ????.
3. ????? ?????? ????? 15–30% – ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????
??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? 15–30%.
???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????:
- ????? ?????? ???????
- ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
- ????? ????? ?????
- ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????
??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? 20% ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????.
4. ????? ??????? – ???? ????? ?????
??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? — ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????.
?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????.
???? ???????? ?????????: ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????.
????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????
??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
1. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????
???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.
??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????:
- ??????: ????? ?????? 55–85%? ????? ?????? ≤10%
- ????? ??????: ????? ?????? 8–12%? ????? ?????? ≤1%
- ?????? ???????: ????? ?????? 30–45%? ????? ?????? 10–15%
??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? — ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????
2. ???? ???????
???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????????.
??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????: ???? ??? ???
| ?????? | ????? (??/????) | ??? ????????? (??) |
| Φ1.5×14 | 5.3–6.6 | 24.7 |
| Φ2.2×12 | 9.7–12.2 | 45.6 |
| Φ3.0×20 | 30.1–37.7 | 141.3 |
| Φ3.6×28 | 60.8–76.0 | 285 |
3. ??? ??????
???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????.
????? ?????? ????????:
- ?????? ?????: ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
- ?????? ??????: ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????
- ?????? ??????: ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????
???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????
?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????.
????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????.
???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.
?? ???????:
- ??????: ???? ?????
- ????? ??????: 45–55%
- ????? ??????: ≤15%
- ???? ?????? ?????????: Φ3.0×20
- ???? ???????: ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????
- ?????? ????????? ???????: 300 ??
????? ??????:
"???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???."
— ????? ???????? ????????
??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? — ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? 24 ????!
